时间：2023-10-08 15:44:13
导语：在小学语文汇总的撰写旅程中，学习并吸收他人佳作的精髓是一条宝贵的路径，好期刊汇集了九篇优秀范文，愿这些内容能够启发您的创作灵感，引领您探索更多的创作可能。
My grandma is over seventy now. These days she doesn't feel well, and her legs hurt. This afternoon my father and I took her to the hospital. The doctor looked her over carefully. He said that she was in good health, but people get all kinds of illness as they got older. He also said that she would get well in the coming spring.
I know my grandma has done much for our family. Now she is getting old, and it's time for me to look after her. I'll try my best to make her live happy.（约95字）
小学四年级英语作文：秋天的颜色 The Colour of Autumn
Autumn comes , it gets cooler and cooler. The sky is blue and the clouds are white. You would say autumn is blue and white.
Look ! Birds are flying from the north to the south. The leaves are yellow. Some are hanging on the trees, some are on the ground ,some are dancing in the wind. Someone would say autumn is yellow.
There are so many fruits in autumn in Xinxing . Pears ,peaches. Mangos, oranges and so on. They're fresh and healthy.（约80字）
小学四年级英语作文：I love my bedroom
I have a bedroom .It is not big , but it is nice .There is a bed in my bedroom . A yellow dog is on the bed .Every night,I sleep with it . Next to the bed, there is a desk. A bear lamp is on the desk .I like the bear lamp. It's cute. I like to do homework under the lamp every evening. I have a new computer in my bedroom .It is my best friend . Because I study at it, play at it . There are also several beautiful pictures on the wall.
I like my bedroom. Do you like it?（约100字）
小学四年级英语作文：关于世界杯的英语作文
The World Cup is held once every four years. This year, the World Cup matches will be held in South Africa.
The whole tournament will take one month. This year, it will start from June 11 and the final match will be held on July 11.
There will be 32 nations participating in the World Cup. If I go there, I can watch 64 matches in total.（约64字）
Mr. Wang
Mr. Wang is my PE teacher. He is very tall and strong. He’s a bit fat. His skin is swarthy, but it looks healthy. He has a round face. There are two big eyes on his face. He always wears a pair of glasses. I think Mr. Wang is very handsome.
Our PE lessons are very interesting, because Mr. Wang is very humor. He always plays games with us. Sometimes he makes jokes with us. We feel very happy in PE lessons. We all like Mr. Wang.（约85字）
小学二年级英语作文：My New Teacher
My new teacher is science teacher. He’s very strong. He has a big mouth, two big ears, two big eyes and a not too big and not too small nose. He often wears a black new shirt and brown pants, with two big shoes.
My science teacher is very kind. And he is very smart, isn’t he? Today, we have science class. We are very happy. Because he is so funny. Who is he? He’s a Mr. Zhou .
小学二年级英语作文：My English Teacher
In my life, Ms. Wang is the most important person to me. Her teaching skills are diverse. In class, she usually uses games and posters. She works hard for us. When other teachers rest, she still keeps working and working. When we are mischievous, she is good at giving systematic guidance.
We are really grateful for what she has done for us. We want to say ”thank you” to her.
小学二年级英语作文：我喜欢哈尔滨
There is snow and ice everywhere and you are always in a white world. You must wear warm clothes.
The most exciting thing is playing with snow. Skating is also very interesting there.
I will' always remember Harbin, for the snow, the ice and all the beautiful things. I love Harbin.
小学二年级英语作文：My Teacher
I have a new teacher.She is an English teacher,her name is Miss He.She is young and beautiful.She is strict but kind.She often goes to work by motor bike.But sometimes she likes piaying sports.Usualli she likes reading book.I like my English teacher very much.What about you?
【关键词】 小学生；行为问题；社会能力；受虐待儿童；综合干预
A Study on Effect of Comprehensive Intervention on Behavioral Problem and Social Behavior of Abused Pupils. Zhu Xianghua, Li Jiao, Wang Chengdong, et al. Psychological Health Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, P.R.China
【Abstract】 Objective To explore and examine the effect of comprehensive intervention on behavioral problem of abused pupils. Methods 179 children from a common primary school in Xuzhou were investigated by Personal Report of Childhood Abuse(PRCA) and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). 179 children were randomly divided into intervention group(n=88) and control group(n=91). Comprehensive intervention was given to intervention group for two months. After intervention, Personal Report of Childhood Abuse and Child Behavior Checklist were tested again. Results The results show that the decrease of child abuse rate and behavioral problem in intervention group are significantly higher than those of control group(33.8% vs 20.5%, χ2=5.13, P
【Key words】 Pupils; Behavioral problem; Social behavior; Abused Children; Comprehensive Intervention
1 引 言
前期研究发现，儿童期虐待可对儿童的心理发展造成严重的不良影响，会导致儿童情绪调节、社会功能和行为、自我意识发展的长期损害，与成年以后各种人格障碍、精神障碍和心理生理障碍的发病密切相关[1-5]。值得庆幸的是，很多受虐待儿童具有较强的可塑性，在有效的干预和良好的环境中，能够继续健康发展[6]。
目前，国内的研究主要集中在对儿童虐待流行情况的调查和危险因素的探讨上，至今还没有对干预策略进行系统的研究。因此，我们针对儿童虐待的干预措施进行了尝试。
2 对象与方法
2.1 研究对象 2006年6月，整群抽取徐州市某小学四年级4个班186名学生，进行基线资料的调查，发放问卷186份，剔除无效问卷后收回有效问卷179份，有效率96%，其中男生85人，女生94人，年龄9～12岁，平均年龄10.5±0.7岁，均为城市人口。把4个班随机分为干预组和对照组各2个班，其中，干预组88人，男43人，女45人，平均年龄10.6±0.8岁；对照组91人，男42人，女49人，平均年龄10.4±0.6岁。两组儿童的性别、年龄无明显差异。干预组接受2个月的综合干预；对照组原则上不采取任何措施，如果出现严重的问题可提供适当帮助。
2.2 研究方法
2.2.1 测查前培训 由2名主任医师对参与研究人员进行集中培训，提高调查和干预技术的一致性。
2.2.2 调查工具 ①儿童期虐待史自评量表(Personal Report of Childhood Abuse，PRCA)[7]：由朱相华等根据WHO关于儿童虐待的定义编制。共有19个条目，采用Likert“1～5”5级评分法，分为躯体虐待、情感虐待、待和忽视4个分量表。分量表内部各条目之和作为分量表分，把各分量表分之和作为总量表分。该量表各因子和总分的重测信度为0.46～0.70，Cronbach's α系数为0.73～0.99，具有良好的信度，内容效度和校标效度也较好。②Achenbach儿童行为量表(child behavior checklist；CBCL)：由Achenbach编制，1991年修订。由儿童的父母填写，分为社会能力、行为问题两部分。行为问题共113个条目，男女各包括9个分量表，分数越高行为问题越大；各行为问题因子中有1个或以上的分数超过6～11岁中国儿童行为因子常模分标准，即可定为有行为问题。社会能力部分，共12个条目，包括活动情况、社交情况和学校情况3个分量表，分数越高能力越好[8]。
2.2.3 干预方法 干预时间为2个月。①教师干预：每两周1次，向教师讲解儿童虐待的有关知识；争取任课教师的配合，要求他们多关心帮助、理解和鼓励训练儿童。②学生干预：每周1次，由教师主持，与儿童进行团体互动游戏，增进交流，增加情感支持；对儿童的适宜行为进行奖励，加强正强化。③家长干预：每两周1次，由班主任以家长会形式招集学生家长，介绍儿童虐待的形式、危害，防范儿童虐待的必要性和措施，以及合理的教育方式。④媒体宣传：在当地的官方网站等媒体宣传心理健康和儿童虐待方面的知识，增加对虐待现象的舆论压力。
2.2.4 现场调查 向各班班主任说明调查的目的及意义，由班主任招集学生的父母，发放问卷进行现场调查，按指导语填写，不明白的问题由调查人员现场解释，为保证调查的真实性、可靠性，均不填写姓名，根据学生的学号进行问卷编号。分别在综合干预前、干预结束半年后进行问卷测评。
2.2.5 统计方法 采用SPSS for windows 13.0建立数据库，进行正态性检验、重复测量的方差分析、回归分析和卡方检验等统计分析。
3 结 果
3.1 干预组与对照组学生一般情况的比较 干预结束半年后进行再次测评时，有32名儿童家长自动退出研究，其中干预组脱失14人，7名男生，7名女生；对照组脱失18人，8名男生，10名女生。样本脱失率为17.9%。未脱失者与脱失者的平均年龄、性别、受虐待和行为问题情况无明显差异(P>0.05)。在本研究中，把脱失者的资料进行了剔除(见表1)。把脱失者剔除出研究后，最终完成研究的干预组与对照组在入组时的性别、年龄、受虐待和行为问题情况无明显差异(P>0.05)(见表2)。
3.2 两组学生干预前后行为问题和受虐待的变化情况比较 见表3。研究显示，与对照组相比，经过综合干预后，干预组学生的行为问题和受虐待率下降较明显，具有统计学意义。虽然没有接受干预措施，对照组半年后的受虐待率也明显下降(χ2=6.239，P
3.3 干预组与对照组学生干预前后社会能力量表得分的比较 见表4。本研究采用重复测量的方差分析，以了解干预因素、时间因素和交互作用，合理地判断干预的效果。干预前后活动情况和社交情况得分有显著性差异(P0.05)；干预因素的主效应无统计学意义(P>0.05)，即干预组与对照组得分的改变无显著性差异。干预前后学校情况分和社会能力总分没有明显变化(P>0.05)，干预因素的主效应无统计学意义(P>0.05)，即干预因素对学校情况分和社会能力总分无显著影响。
4 讨 论
本研究发现，经过综合干预后，干预组学生的受虐待率的减少程度比对照组明显，说明对学生的家长和老师进行有关儿童虐待的健康教育、加大社会舆论的压力，有助于减少儿童虐待现象的发生。虽然没有接受干预措施，对照组学生的受虐待率也明显减少，可能是因为对照组家长也受到了舆论氛围的影响，或者与随着受虐待时间的延长，儿童的“与施虐者认同”的心理特征逐渐明显,不再认为那些行为与虐待有关[3,4]。
前期研究表明，有受虐待经历的小学生行为问题明显，社会能力发展不良[3,9]。本研究显示，经过综合干预后，干预组学生的行为问题明显减少，且效果比对照组显著，说明综合干预措施能够有效改善受虐待者的行为问题。重复测量的方差分析显示，干预前后学校情况分和社会能力总分没有明显变化，活动情况和社交情况得分虽有显著变化，也不是干预因素的效果，说明综合干预很难在短期内改善受虐待儿童的社会能力，而且儿童的社交问题会随着时间的延长进一步加重。
回归分析发现，干预前活动情况越好的儿童干预后活动情况分增长越明显，但社交能力分反而随着时间的延续出现下降，说明即便干预后儿童受虐待现象明显减少，且给予了一些干预措施，受虐待儿童的社交能力的损害可能仍然继续加重。这个结果有待于进一步研究验证，若要有效改善儿童的社会能力尚需要探讨更好的干预方案，本研究只是一个喜忧参半的尝试。
5 参考文献
［1］朱相华,李娇,梁光利,等.儿童期受虐待中专学生的身心症状与述情障碍.中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20:581-583
［2］朱相华,魏贤玉,王成东,等.儿童期虐待对中专学生的心理健康状况及社交功能的影响.中国行为医学科学,2006,15:407-408
［3］朱相华,李娇,陶敏,等.儿童虐待对小学生行为问题的影响.中国行为医学科学,2007,16:143-145
［4］朱相华,杨永杰,李娇,等.受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与虐待经历的关系.中国行为医学科学,2007,16:62-64
［5］朱相华,沈学武,杨永杰,等.神经症患者不安全感心理及其与儿童期虐待的关系.中国行为医学科学,2006,15:1087-1089
［6］Bolger KE, Patterson CJ, Kupersmitt JB. Peer relationships and self-esteem among children who have been maltreated. Child Development,1998,69:1171-1197
［7］朱相华,李娇,杨永杰,等.儿童期虐待史自评量表的信度与效度分析.中国行为医学科学,2006,15:1045-1047
［8］徐韬园.Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL).中国行为医学编辑委员会编.行为医学量表手册.北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2005:455-459
购物车(0)