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口腔医学技术出路

时间:2024-01-20 16:58:00

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口腔医学技术出路

第1篇

关键词:埋伏阻生牙;微创拔牙术;外科联合正畸;CBCT

Abstract:Objective To study the cone beam CT(CBCT)in clinical diagnosis and treatment of teeth in maxillary anterior impacted.Methods In our hospital of May 2010~2013,67 cases of patients with 95 teeth of maxillary anterior impacted teeth were examined by CBCT,and three-dimensional reconstruction,determine the impacted teeth in the maxillary bone in position,shape,direction,root development and relationship with adjacent teeth.These images can help dentists choose a reasonable surgical approach and orthodontic traction direction,so as to make the right treatment.Results 53 teeth impacted teeth by surgical and orthodontic treatment,after 6~12 months of traction to help adorable tooth column;the other 42 impacted teeth due to abnormal morphological,tooth axis tilt angle and other factors were eventually removed,adopt minimally invasive extraction extraction process,and no teeth other operation negative damage during the operation.Conclusion CBCT plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of the impacted teeth,which is worthy of popularization and application.

Key words:Impacted tooth;Minillary invasive tooth extraction;Surgical orthodontics;CBCT

上M骨前部是埋伏阻生牙的高发部位,好发生于尖牙和中切牙,对于诊断及治疗也是临床的难点之一。传统埋伏阻生牙应用X线片定位方法,如偏心投照法,上颌前牙轴向咬合片,全颌曲面断层片,往往因为重叠变形失真而误导诊断定位和制定合适的治疗方案。近年来锥形束CT(Cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)在口腔医学领域的广泛应用,为明确诊断上颌骨前部的埋伏阻生牙提供了客观准确的依据,使医生能更加直观准确的制定治疗方案和判断预后。CBCT通过矢状面、冠状面、轴状面等不同轴位的剖析及三维重建技术,精准地确定牙齿的位置,形态,邻牙牙根吸收情况,牙囊大小,骨质情况等其他临床相关信息[1]。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料 选择我院2010年5月~2013年5月95颗埋伏阻生牙,其中男39例,女28例,年龄在8~36岁。患者因牙列缺损,牙齿排列不齐或乳牙滞留在拍摄曲面断层或根尖片时发现埋伏阻生牙,因不能判断埋伏阻生牙的实际形态和三维位置追加拍摄CBCT检查,获取埋伏阻生牙在矢状位,冠状位,水平位三个轴面的诊断信息,发现的埋伏阻生牙包括中切牙43颗,侧切牙1颗,尖牙51颗;正畸牵引牙包括中切牙24颗,侧切牙1颗,尖牙28颗;拔除牙包括中切牙19颗,尖牙23颗,确定相应的治疗方案经患者知情同意后实施最终治疗方案。

1.2埋伏阻生牙定位分析 对所有患者使用CBCT(芬兰,Planmeca Romaxis;KV,84;MA,12.0;S,12.147;DAP(MGY×CM2767)扫描定位,患者站立于成像系统前,颏部置于颏托内,在控制面板上选择适当模式,使上下牙列咬合进入投照视野区域。利用Planmecaca Romaxis 3.0.1R图像分析系统在矢状面、冠状面、轴状面对于埋伏牙的唇腭侧位置,近远中,垂直向位置,牙体冠根发育阶段,根长及牙根弯曲度,牙根倾斜角度与邻牙关系,埋伏阻生牙骨质情况进行定位和观察。

1.3外科正畸联合治疗 ①对于软组织阻生,有一定萌出潜力,生长方向正确,牙弓内有足够的萌出间隙或萌出间隙不足经正畸扩大间隙后行横切助萌术。②对于牙冠已穿出牙槽嵴,唇腭侧有明显触及突起的埋伏阻生牙,直接行环切助萌术,开窗暴露至少2/3的牙冠。③对于大多数埋伏阻生牙采用“隧道式”助萌术[2],即根据CBCT的引导确定唇腭侧骨壁开窗的位置,沿嵴顶做梯形切口至埋伏阻生牙的高度,翻粘骨膜瓣,去除牙齿萌出路径上的牙槽骨,形成埋伏阻生牙“隧道式”萌出通路,暴露牙冠,尽量保留一定量的牙囊组织和唇颊侧边缘牙槽骨,牙面酸蚀,涂粘结剂,粘接牵引装置,经"隧道"穿出牙槽嵴顶连接至口内,粘骨膜瓣复位,缝合。

参考文献:

[1]Küchler E C,Tannure P N,Costa M C,et al.Management of an unerupted dilacerated maxillary central incisor after trauma to the primary predecessor[J].Journal of Dentistry for Children,2012,79(1):30-33.

[2]Nieri M,Crescini A,Rotundo R,et al.Factors affecting the clinical approach to impacted maxillary canines:A Bayesian network analysis[J]. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics:official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists,its constituent societies,and the American Board of Orthodontics,2010,137(137):755-762.

[3]Becker A,Chaushu G,Chaushu S.Analysis of failure in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines[J].American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists,its constituent societies,and the American Board of Orthodontics,2010,137(6):743-754.

[4]王峰,林松彬,徐|,等.CT 引导下上颌埋伏阻生牙28 例矫治分析[J].人民军医,2011,54(6):517-518.

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